Experiments and Simulations of Free-Surface Flow behind a Finite Height Rigid Vertical Cylinder

We present the results of a combined experimental and numerical study free-surface flow behind finite height rigid vertical cylinder. The experiments measure drag wake angle on cylinders different diameters for range velocities corresponding to 30,000 <Re< 200,000 0.2<Fr<2 where Reynolds Froude numbers are based diameter. three-dimensional large eddy simulations use conservative level-set method air-water interface, thus predicting pressure, vorticity, elevation onset air entrainment. deep looks like single phase turbulent past cylinder, but close free-surface, interaction between wall, is taking place, leading reduced cylinder appearance V-shaped surface wave patterns. For velocities, vortex shedding suppressed in layer region below free surface. patterns mostly follow capillary-gravity theory, which predicts crest lines cusps. Interestingly, it also indicates regions strong fluctuations location entrainment observed experiments. Overall, these new simulation results, drag, entrainment, compare quantitatively with